THE MT VOID
Mt. Holz Science Fiction Society
09/10/04 -- Vol. 23, No. 11

El Presidente: Mark Leeper, mleeper@optonline.net
The Power Behind El Pres: Evelyn Leeper, eleeper@optonline.net
Back issues at http://www.geocities.com/evelynleeper
All material copyright by author unless otherwise noted.
All comments sent will be assumed authorized for inclusion 
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Topics:
	Fish Oil (comments by Mark R. Leeper)
	Some Thoughts on Defense (comments by Mark R. Leeper)
	This Week's Reading (AMAZONIA, SWEET THURSDAY, "The Battle 
		of York") (book comments by Evelyn C. Leeper)

===================================================================

TOPIC: Fish Oil (comments by Mark R. Leeper)

I take these fish oil capsules that are supposed to be good for 
your heart.  They are large as pills go and they are gel capsules 
which in this humid area tends to make them stick together in the 
jar.  They are not fun to take.  But then every once in a while I 
hear of some young person having a heart attack and I tell myself, 
"there but for the grease of cod go I."  [-mrl]

===================================================================

TOPIC: Some Thoughts on Defense (comments by Mark R. Leeper)

Last week I was talking about Wright Patterson Air Force Base and 
issues of defense.  I don't think that I have suddenly become very 
martial, but when I go to places like the museum I start thinking 
of issues of defense.  I began thinking of the various classes of 
defense.  And these are also the classes of offense.  Defense and 
offense are closely related and not just as opposites.  They say 
the best defense is a good offense.  So offensive weapons are 
defensive weapons.  On the other hand they say a shield is 
something to strike from behind.  So defenses are offenses.

The simplest sort of protection is hardening.  The turtle has a 
shell.  The snail has a shell.  You have a skin and a hard skull.
This is a Class One defense.  But it can be more sophisticated.
In the military sense it can be armor plating.  It can be a fort.

Next consider the ability to strike or strike back.  Call these 
Class Two defenses.  It is, as I have said, hard to distinguish 
between these and Class One.  A missile shield is called a shield 
these days but really is the ability to attack incoming objects.
When we think about national "defense" we picture weapons of 
offense.  Even in the 50s when a TV station would sign off at 
night (remember when they signed off at night?) they would play 
the Star-Spangled Banner and show pictures of missiles and 
planes.  These are offense weapons.

Then you have the protection by distance.  In WWII Hitler and 
Hirohito were defended by distance.  The armies thought they had 
to "get there" before they could force them to surrender.  The 
Allies and the Soviets were racing each other to Berlin at the end 
of the war in Europe.  Call the defenses of distance defenses.  
The Air Force is all about using planes for transport to reduce 
Class Three defenses to Class Two and Class One defenses.

More than ever today enemies can be hidden and protected by 
secrecy.  This is becoming a more important form of defense.  For 
example we think we know the World Trade Center has been attacked 
by something called Al Qaeda but we are not exactly sure who they 
are or where they are.  They have Class Four defenses.  You try to 
reduce their defenses to Classes One, Two, and Three by the 
collection of intelligence about them.  Osama Bin Laden knows who 
and where his enemies are.  We don't know where he is.  This 
stalemate has gone on for years.  High technology stealth bombers 
are useless under those conditions.  Secrecy is a cheap and 
effective defense.  Terrorists usually employ this defense.

Finally you have what is probably the most dangerous type of 
defense for us.  You have dispersion of the enemy.  Call these 
Class Five defenses.  There are few good counter-strategies to 
this sort of strategy.  There are few ways to overcome dispersion.
In the realm of fiction this is what Carl Stephenson's story 
"Leiningen vs. the Ants" is all about.  There, in its extreme 
form, it was square miles of independently directed enemies, army 
ants.  There was no command center to kill.  Conventional weapons 
were useless.  You can with a boot kill a hundred at a time but 
hundred more will take their place, and that defense does little 
good.

To some extent this is what the Americans used against the British 
in the American Revolution.  That was a guerilla war.  This is 
what the North Vietnamese used against the Americans.  The 
Americans won every major battle in the Vietnam War and they still 
lost the war.  Even winning battles was not an effective strategy 
against the enemy as long as they had the Viet Cong, a dispersed 
force.  We burned out whole villages and they just popped up 
elsewhere.

A dispersed enemy might be directed by something protected with 
the first four classes of defense.  Or they may not be.  There 
were leaders of the Viet Cong, but most of them operated 
independently.  There usually is no really good way to overcome 
Class Five defenses without destroying nearly everything.  That 
was why the US looked so badly in the Viet Nam war.  A dispersed 
enemy cannot be eliminated without killing a lot of innocent 
people and doing a lot of destruction at the same time.  In the 
Stephenson story Leiningen was able to overcome the ants only by 
flooding his farm and himself destroying exactly what he was 
trying to defend.  The ultimate attack today is a dispersed 
attack.  It has a real multiplier on the potency of attacks.  The 
combined forces of Japan and Germany could not hit New York and 
kill thousands of Americans on their own mainland, but a dispersed 
Middle Eastern enemy did just that.  And certainly if Japan or 
Germany had the mainland we would have had a much better idea how 
to hit back.  That dispersed enemy tactic is being used very 
effectively against us in the Iraq.  We are fighting there an 
enemy that has a Class Five defense strategy and we have Classes 
One to Three.  Don't expect a really good victory there.  At least 
not one for us.  [-mrl]

===================================================================

TOPIC: This Week's Reading (book comments by Evelyn C. Leeper)

James Marcus's AMAZONIA (ISBN 1-56584-870-5) is the story of the 
author's five years (from 1996 to 2001) as an editor at 
amazon.com.  It is okay to breeze through, but does not have any 
real surprises or revelations.  People who have been following the 
dot.com phenomena in general will probably already know about 
amazon.com's various policies and acquisitions, and others won't 
learn much from this.  For example, Marcus talks about the 
disastrous acquisition of pets.com, but doesn't explain *why* it 
was so bad compared to other apparently similar decisions that 
went well.  There were interesting tidbits--the Millennium Poem, 
for one.  And even though I knew the all about "Project Shift" and 
one of its unintended side-effects, it was interesting to see an 
even bigger picture.  (Project Shift was the concept of removing 
shipping charges for all orders of two or more items.  When this 
happened, "'The Book of Hope' began its meteoric ascent.  This 
slender Biblical tract clearly had much to recommend it....  Most 
shoppers, however were attracted to its 99-cent price tag.  Droves 
of them tossed it in the shopping cart a second, more expensive 
item and made their shipping charges disappear: a miracle on a par 
with the loaves and fishes.  We also did a surprisingly brisk 
business with Dover Classics, which sold for a dollar each."  I 
used this ploy at least once, and various shoppers' web sites 
suggested it as well, so it is not surprising that it actually 
impacted amazon.com's bottom line.  Apparently, amazon.com came 
close to eliminating every item under five dollars from their 
catalog to solve this problem, until wiser heads prevailed and 
they dropped the "two-item-free-shipping" offer.  (I believe now 
it is free shipping for items over a certain dollar amount.)

My "non-specific" book discussion group read John Steinbeck's 
SWEET THURSDAY (ISBN 0-140-18750-2), a sequel to CANNERY ROW.  
Everyone else loved it and thought it hilarious, but while I saw 
some humor in it, it did not strike me that strongly.  (On the 
other hand, I thought Nikolai Gogol's DEAD SOULS was very funny, 
and parts of Herman Melville's MOBY DICK crack me up.)  But since 
it was so popular, it was decided to read CANNERY ROW for the 
January meeting.

The novelette "The Battle of York" by James Stoddard ("Magazine of 
Fantasy & Science Fiction, July 2004) is an idea that is not 
exactly new, but Stoddard handles it very well.  The premise is 
that three thousand years in the future, someone has pieced 
together a history of George Washington based on imperfect records 
(much as we do with, say, ancient Egypt) or on legends (Parson 
Weems has a lot to answer for).  So not surprisingly, a few of the 
"facts" are wrong.  What is surprising is how true to the spirit 
of it all Stoddard's re-telling is.  This is a story I read a 
couple of months ago, and it has really stuck with me, which is 
the sign of a good story.  This is definitely going on my Hugo 
nominations ballot next year.  [-ecl]

===================================================================

                                          Mark Leeper
                                          mleeper@optonline.net


           First they ignore you, then they laugh 
           at you, then they fight you, then you win.
                                          --Mahatma Gandhi










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